Prevention

There are two important components of tetanus prevention: tetanus immunization (receiving routine tetanus vaccinations) and what's known as post-exposure tetanus prophylaxis (receiving a shot after an injury occurs).

For children, tetanus immunization is part of the DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis) vaccinations. Children typically receive a series of four doses of DTaP vaccine before the age of 2 years, followed by a booster dose at 4 to 6 years of age. After that, a tetanus and diphtheria booster (Td) is recommended at 11 to 12 years of age, and then every 10 years through adulthood. As is the case with all immunization schedules, there are important exceptions and special circumstances. Your child's doctor will have the most current information.

Post-exposure tetanus prophylaxis also involves getting tetanus shots, but after an injury occurs. Which shots are given will depend on the number of years since the patient's last booster, the total number of tetanus vaccinations the patient has received, and the nature of the wound. The doctor may recommend a tetanus booster (Td or DTaP, depending on the patient's age) and/or an injection of tetanus immune globulin (TIG) to neutralize any toxin released by the bacteria.

Neonatal tetanus can be prevented by making sure that all pregnant women have had their tetanus immunizations and by delivering babies in sanitary conditions. If you are pregnant, discuss your immunization record with your obstetrician well before your due date.

Incubation
The incubation period for tetanus is usually 2 to 14 days, with most symptoms beginning around the seventh day. In neonatal tetanus, symptoms start within the first 2 weeks of life.

Duration
Tetanus, although rare, is a serious illness. When the condition is diagnosed and treated early, however, recovery is possible. It usually takes several weeks to recover from tetanus.