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Prevention and cure of Visual Disorders
I. Myopia
(Near-Sightedness)
The Myopic-Eye is longer from the front to the back and the
extra length prevents The image from being sharp focus.
Effect on Vision: As the focus of the light rays are right in
front of the Retina the person is Near-Sighted leading to
difficulty in seeing objects locate far away.
Symptoms:
-
Squinting or narrowing of the eyelids.
-
Sitting
very close to the visual objects or pulling objects closer
to eye.
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Lack of
interest in out-door activities Detection: Through complete
optometric examination as well as observant teacher or
parent may discover by observations
Correction:
-
Needs a
minus or concave corrective lens in glasses or contact lens
to help the lens in eye to focus light rays on the Retina
and not in front
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Visual
training.
Prevention:
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Due to
no certain prevention best recommendation is observance of
the rules of the good health and regular optometric
examination.
II. Hypermetropia
(Far-Sightedness):
The eye is too short and rays of light fall behind the
Retina.^Affect of Vision: As the light rays focus behind the
Retina so the person is Far-Sighted and can see objects that
are far away but not that are close, which often leads to
fatigue, tension and discomfort.
Symptoms:
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Difficulty in concentrating & maintaining clear vision in
reading.
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General
fatigue after prolonged use of eye
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Eye
burning or hurting.
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Irritability or nervousness after sustained visual
concentration even nausea.
Detection:
-
This is
possible through complete vision examination and analysis
which can be supported by observant teacher and parent.
Correction:
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Plus or
corrective lens in glasses or contact lens is needed to help
the lens to focus light rays on the Retina instead behind
it.
-
Visual
training depending upon degree, type and vision problems
associated with this condition.
III. Astigmatism
Affect of Vision: In this condition the eye has a misshapen
curve and this produces a distorted image on the Retina.
Symptoms:
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Can
result in child confusing letters of copying incorrectly.
Correction:
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Glasses
with cylindrical lenses.
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Faulty
concept development may result if appropriate lenses are
prescribed.
IV) Xeropthalmia.
Symptoms:
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A line
or spot on the conjunctiva.
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Thick
white spots on both sides of the Cornea.
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Conjunctiva becomes wrinkle.
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Cornea
erupts.
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Scar
forms over Cornea.
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Scar is
opaque and impairs vision while the eyeball shrinks causing
complete
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Blindness.
Complaint:
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The
patient is usually a pre-school child, who may be sick
especially with diahorea or measles.
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Poor
vision.
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Night
blindness.
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Difficulty seeing in dim light.
Prevention:
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Breast-feed Vitamin A rich colostrum (the first breast milk)
to the newborn.
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Breast-feed infant for at least a year.
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Start at
3-6 months to feed infants locally available leafy green
vegetables rich in Vitamin A, well cooked finely chopped,
and mixed with other food, if possible, to make them more
acceptable.
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Include
yellow–orange fruits rich in Vitamin A (i.e.. Papaya and
Mango) in the child’s diet.
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Pregnant
and lactating woman should administer Vitamin A 200,000 IU
in oil by mouth to mothers after birth of the child or
within one month after birth.
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Educate
families that night blindness is an early warning sign of
Xeropthalmia.
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Teach
school children to detect and report night blindness in
younger children.
v. Cataract
Symptoms:
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Gradual
loss of vision over a long period of time.
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Lens
often changes from being clear to a milky white color.
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Feels as
if looking through a dirty window.
Prevention:
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There is
no medicine to prevent cataracts, but an operation can help
restore vision.
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Take a
good and nourishing diet rich in protein and Vitamin such as
milk, papaya, mango, carrot, spinach, egg and fish.
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Protect
the eyes from excessive exposure to sun rays, intensive
heat, X-rays and injuries.
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In the
beginning eyesight can be improved with glasses.
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Obtain
suitable glasses after getting the eye tested.
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Power if
glasses changes with cataract.
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On
maturity of cataract, surgery is needed to restore vision.
VI.Trachoma
Causes:
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Caused
by Chlamydia, which is like bacteria.
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Spread
by contract from one person to another through dirty hands,
contaminated towel and the like.
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Flies
can also spread it.
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Common
in areas where people are poor and where there is:
Lots of dust.
Scarcity of water.
Poor sanitation.
Presence of flies.
Open and dirty washrooms.
Open drainage.
Symptoms:
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Irritation and tearing.
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Mild red
watery eyes.
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The
conjunctiva underneath appears red and swollen with small
whitish bumps.
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Cornea
becomes infected and cloudy at the upper edges.
Prevention:
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Clean
the eye if there is discharge.
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Sulphacitamide eye drops 10% and Tetracycline eye ointment
to be applied twice a day for six weeks.
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Advise
on personal hygiene and recommend at least daily washing of
the face.
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Check
other members of the family for Trachoma.
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Never
use medicines containing steroids.
VII.Glaucoma
Complaint:
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Acute
Glaucoma strikes suddenly with intense pain & nausea and
blurred vision.
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Chronic
Glaucoma often called the ‘Sneak Thief of Sight’ works
slowly and progressively and can destroy vision almost
without warning.
Symptoms:
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Occasional vague headaches or aching about the eyes.
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Occasional blurring of the eyes.
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Occasional watering of the eyes.
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Frequent
and unsatisfactory change of glasses.
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Haloes
around light at night.
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Diminished side vision.
Reasons:
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Nearly
constant fluid is maintained inside eye.
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Due to
disturbance in the drainage system, fluid can no longer
drain away as fast as it is produced.
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Pressure
builds up and eyeballs tend to get harder.
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Pressure
pushing against the optic nerves fiber slowly destroys sight
.
Prevention:
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Glaucoma
can be halted but not cured and continuing treatment is
necessary.
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Treatment is aimed at lowering the internal pressure of the
eye.
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Every
family with a history of Glaucoma in the family should be
especially careful to have periodical eye examination.
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Surgical
eye drops used regularly would maintain the internal
pressure at the proper level.
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In some
cases surgery may be required.
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People
over the age of 35 should visit an eye doctor for an eye
check up.
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The
common method for checking Glaucoma is tomometer.
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